Placental growth factor regulates the pentose phosphate pathway and antioxidant defense systems in human retinal endothelial cells.

The molecular mechanisms whereby placental progress issue (PlGF) mediates its results in nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) are unknown. To raised perceive the position of PlGF in DR, we used tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics to human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs), handled anti-PlGF antibody, and PBS as a management. Practical annotation and pathway enrichments have been carried out, which instructed that the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) have been concerned in key metabolic processes, protein binding, and membrane, pentose phosphate pathway PPP and adherens junction. We performed built-in gene profiles of our beforehand printed transcriptomic knowledge to the TMT-labeled proteomics knowledge.

The outcomes confirmed the sixty proteins have been discovered to be modified on the mRNA ranges. The purposeful annotation performed for the sixty proteins instructed that 58.3% of proteins have been concerned in PPP, 25% of proteins have been in interleukin-12 singling and 16.7% of proteins have been concerned in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway. Mass spec outcomes have been validated by transendothelial electrical resistance measurement by {an electrical} cell-impedance sensing and western blot evaluation of VE-cadherin, G6PD. These findings counsel that the PPP proteins and antioxidants might act as a downstream goal of PlGF and should play a decisive position in HREC organic features in DR.

PlGF (Placental progress issue) is understood to play a pivotal position in pathological angiogenesis and irritation by stimulating endothelial cell migration and by recruiting pericytes and inflammatory cells comparable to microglia and macrophages. Regardless of the well-defined pathophysiological roles of PlGF, the underlying molecular and mobile mechanisms usually are not utterly understood, particularly the precise relationships between biochemical occasions and molecular pathways regulated by PlGF, whose inhibition displays a protecting position in diabetic retinopathy.

This examine supplies new insights into protein expression patterns and permits the identification of many enticing candidates for investigation of PPP pathway position within the activation of the antioxidant protection system in diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our findings counsel that the PPP proteins and antioxidants (PRDX6, HMOX1, NQO1 and YES1) might act as downstream targets of PlGF and should play a decisive position in HREC organic features in DR.

Era of Uncooked RPPA Information and Their Conversion to Evaluation-Prepared Information.

Reverse section protein array (RPPA) supplies investigators with a strong high-throughput, quantitative, cost-effective know-how for purposeful proteomics research. It’s an antibody-based method with procedures much like that of Western blots. RPPA has all kinds of functions that vary from pharmacodynamics and drug sensitivity evaluation to biomarker discovery, subtype classification, and prediction of affected person prognosis and response to focused remedy. On this paper, we describe the know-how, its limitations, and a few options to beat them. We focus on the steps needed to acquire uncooked RPPA knowledge and convert them into strong, high-quality, analysis-ready knowledge.

We then illustrate the utility of the platform by highlighting some biomarkers and drug responses of most cancers cell strains that affirm earlier findings, as a method to validate the platform and the strategies offered right here. β-Amyloid protein (Aβ) putatively performs a seminal position in synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s illness (AD). Whereas there is no such thing as a consensus relating to the synaptic-relevant species of Aβ, it’s identified that Aβ oligomers (AβOs) are noticeably elevated within the early levels of AD, localizing at or throughout the synapse.

In cell and animal fashions, AβOs have been proven to connect to synapses and instigate synapse dysfunction and deterioration. To determine the pathological mechanism of synaptic loss in AD, will probably be necessary to determine the synaptic targets to which AβOs connect. Herein, we describe all of the steps required for the enrichment, isolation, and identification of SUMOylated substrates from human hepatoma cells and hepatic tissues from a liver most cancers mouse mannequin by utilizing SUBEs.

Placental growth factor regulates the pentose phosphate pathway and antioxidant defense systems in human retinal endothelial cells.

SUMO-Binding Entities (SUBEs) as Instruments for the Enrichment, Isolation, Identification, and Characterization of the SUMO Proteome in Liver Most cancers.

Submit-translational modification is a key mechanism regulating protein homeostasis and performance in eukaryotic cells. Amongst all ubiquitin-like proteins in liver most cancers, the modification by SUMO (Small Ubiquitin MOdifier) has been given probably the most consideration. Isolation of endogenous SUMOylated proteins in vivo is difficult as a result of presence of lively SUMO-specific proteases. Preliminary research of SUMOylation in vivo have been based mostly on the molecular detection of particular SUMOylated proteins (e.g., by western blot).

Nonetheless, in lots of instances, antibodies, usually made with non-modified recombinant protein, didn’t immunoprecipitate SUMOylated types of the protein of curiosity. Nickel chromatography has been the opposite strategy to check SUMOylation by capturing histidine-tagged variations of SUMO molecules. This strategy is especially utilized in cells stably expressing or transiently transfected with His-SUMO molecules. To beat these limitations, SUMO-binding entities (SUBEs) have been developed to isolate endogenous SUMOylated proteins.

Acrylamide, suitable for electrophoresis

GK5651-100G 100 g
EUR 64.8

Acrylamide, suitable for electrophoresis

GK5651-100 100
EUR 23.8

ES 6 Tooth Gel Comb For ES Electrophoresis

LE1011-A4 Ea
EUR 148.8

electrophoresis ps 1500v, 300ma, 150w

EV2230 ea
EUR 898.8

electrophoresis ps 1500v, 300ma, 150w

EV2230-UK ea
EUR 898.8

electrophoresis ps 1500v, 300ma, 150w

EV2230-US ea
EUR 898.8

electrophoresis ps 3000v, 150ma, 150w

EV2320 ea
EUR 898.8

electrophoresis ps 3000v, 150ma, 150w

EV2320-UK ea
EUR 898.8

electrophoresis ps 3000v, 150ma, 150w

EV2320-US ea
EUR 898.8

electrophoresis ps 1200v, 500ma, 300w

EV3150 ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 1200v, 500ma, 300w

EV3150-UK ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 1200v, 500ma, 300w

EV3150-US ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 3000v, 300ma, 300w

EV3330 ea
EUR 1456.8

electrophoresis ps 3000v, 300ma, 300w

EV3330-UK ea
EUR 1456.8

electrophoresis ps 3000v, 300ma, 300w

EV3330-US ea
EUR 1456.8

electrophoresis ps 6000v, 150ma, 300w

EV3620 ea
EUR 1456.8

electrophoresis ps 6000v, 150ma, 300w

EV3620-UK ea
EUR 1456.8

electrophoresis ps 6000v, 150ma, 300w

EV3620-US ea
EUR 1456.8

ES 8/10 Double Gel Comb For ES Electrophoresis

LE1011-A3 Ea
EUR 148.8

electrophoresis ps 400v, 500ma, 50w

EV1450 ea
EUR 574.8

electrophoresis ps 400v, 500ma, 50w

EV1450-UK ea
EUR 574.8

electrophoresis ps 400v, 500ma, 50w

EV1450-US ea
EUR 574.8

electrophoresis ps 300v, 1000ma, 150w

EV2310 ea
EUR 686.4

electrophoresis ps 300v, 1000ma, 150w

EV2310-UK ea
EUR 686.4

electrophoresis ps 300v, 1000ma, 150w

EV2310-US ea
EUR 686.4

electrophoresis ps 600v, 500ma, 150w

EV2650 ea
EUR 686.4

electrophoresis ps 600v, 500ma, 150w

EV2650-UK ea
EUR 686.4

electrophoresis ps 600v, 500ma, 150w

EV2650-US ea
EUR 686.4

electrophoresis ps 300v, 2000ma, 300w

EV3020 ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 300v, 2000ma, 300w

EV3020-UK ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 300v, 2000ma, 300w

EV3020-US ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 600v, 1000ma, 300w

EV3610 ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 600v, 1000ma, 300w

EV3610-UK ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis ps 600v, 1000ma, 300w

EV3610-US ea
EUR 960

electrophoresis power supply

EV245 ea
EUR 574.8

miniONE Electrophoresis System

ELE3400 EACH
EUR 691.2

5 x SDS Electrophoresis Buffer

GR103039 1 L
EUR 107

CometAssay Electrophoresis System

4250-050-ES 1 Kit
EUR 3540.96

myGel Mini Electrophoresis System

BM0286 System
EUR 741.6

ES Horizontal Electrophoresis Set

LE1011 Set
EUR 578.4

myGel Mini Electrophoresis System

E1101 1 each
EUR 623.9

6X6 well Electrophoresis Apparatus

EDK626 1 UNIT
EUR 750.6

electrophoresis power supply 120 vac

EV245-US ea
EUR 574.8

electrophoresis power supply uk plug

EV245-UK ea
EUR 574.8

CometAssay Electrophoresis Starter Kit

4250-050-ESK 1 Kit
EUR 3749.28

ES Electrophoresis Casting Tray, 7cm X 7cm

LE1011-A2 Ea
EUR 181.2

4 x Phosphate/SDS Electrophoresis Buffer

GR103033 1 L
EUR 116

Bovine Serum Albumin, 98% by electrophoresis

GE3699-10 10
EUR 28.4

Bovine Serum Albumin, 98% by electrophoresis

GE3699-100 100
EUR 142.4

Bovine Serum Albumin, 98% by electrophoresis

GE3699-25 25
EUR 50.6

Bovine Serum Albumin, 98% by electrophoresis

GE3699-250 250
EUR 284.8

Bovine Serum Albumin, 98% by electrophoresis

GE3699-500 500
EUR 506.2

ES Electrophoresis Casting Tray, 7cm X 14cm

LE1011-A1 Ea
EUR 198

Electrophoresis Apparatus - 7x10cm (6-10-well)

EDK611 1 UNIT
EUR 383.11

Electrophoresis Apparatus - 7x14cm (6-10-well)

EDK613 1 UNIT
EUR 487.51

CometAssay Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay

4250-050-K 50 tests
EUR 513.6

Accuris myGel Mini Electrophoresis Syst w/ Transf

ELE1111 EACH
EUR 854.4

ENDURO 7.7 Horizontal Electrophoresis 7 x 7cm Gels

LE1001 Set
EUR 651.6

ENDURO 7.10 Horizontal Electrophoresis 7 x 10cm Gels

LE1002 Set
EUR 699.6

ENDURO 10.10 Horizontal Electrophoresis 10 x 10cm Gels

LE1003 Set
EUR 586.8

ENDURO 15.10 Horizontal Electrophoresis 15 x 10cm Gels

LE1004 Set
EUR 886.8

ENDURO 15.15 Horizontal Electrophoresis 15 x 15cm Gels

LE1005 Set
EUR 1081.2

ENDURO 20.20 Horizontal Electrophoresis 20 x 20cm Gels

LE1006 Set
EUR 1170

Electrophoresis Apparatus - 7x7cm Dual (2x 6-10-well)

EDK614 1 UNIT
EUR 520.92

10-well protein Vertical Electrophoresis Apparatus

EDK692 1 UNIT
EUR 487.51

CometAssay Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay-Silver

4251-050-K 1 kit
EUR 684.96

myGel Mini Electrophoresis System 230V (includes transformer)

BM0291 System
EUR 789.6

myGel Mini Electrophoresis System 230V (includes transformer)

E1101-E 1 PC
EUR 652.5

CometAssay Electrophoresis Starter Kit plus EU Power Supply

4250-050-ESK-PS2 1 Kit
EUR 4597.68

CometAssay Electrophoresis Starter Kit plus UK Power Supply

4250-050-ESK-PS3 1 Kit
EUR 4597.68

CometAssay Electrophoresis Starter Kit plus SZ Power Supply

4250-050-ESK-PS4 1 Kit
EUR 4597.68

ComboMini? Electrophoresis System ? COMPLETE with ONE electrophoresis system + ONE gel maker set (4 combs, 1 large tray, 1 medium tray, 1 small tray, 1 gel casting stand) NEW (specify 220V or 110V) $380

ACT-CBMN-7 each
EUR 892.8

myGel InstaView™ Complete Electrophoresis System with Blue LED Illuminator

E1201 1 each
EUR 1001.7

myGel Mini Electrophoresis System Starter Kit (Includes E1101, A1701 and W4000-100)

E1101-SK 1 each
EUR 712.8

OmniPage Mini Wide modular system inc tank capillary electrophoresis and electroblotting modules

VS10WCES EACH
EUR 1434.85

myGel Mini Electrophoresis System Starter Kit (Includes E1101-E, A1701 and W4000-100)

E1101-SK-E 1 PC
EUR 742.5

myGel InstaView™ Complete Electrophoresis System with Blue LED Illuminator, 230V input

E1201-E 1 each
EUR 1058.9

runVIEW horizontal electrophoresis system 15 x 7cm gel tray 1 set of casting dams 8 double sided combs

ELE2300 EACH
EUR 1602

runVIEW horizontal electrophoresis system with 15 x 10cm gel tray 1 set of casting dams and 8 double sided combs

ELE2302 EACH
EUR 1681.2

ELISA kit for General Gly (Glycine)

ELK8276 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 446.4
Description: A competitive Inhibition ELISA kit for detection of Glycine from General in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Human Glycine(Glycine)ELISA Kit

YLA3881HU-48T 48T
EUR 435

Human Glycine(Glycine)ELISA Kit

YLA3881HU-96T 96T
EUR 562.5

Glycine

20-abx184699
  • EUR 260.40
  • EUR 444.00
  • 100 g
  • 500 g

Glycine

abx082341-500g 500 g
EUR 243.6

Glycine

abx082391-500g 500 g
EUR 226.8

Glycine

20-abx082501
  • EUR 309.60
  • EUR 226.80
  • EUR 393.60
  • 1 kg
  • 500 g
  • 5 kg

Glycine

GB0235 500g
EUR 82.97

Glycine

HY-Y0966 1g
EUR 142.8

Glycine

GM2385-100G 100 g
EUR 44.4

Glycine

GM2385-1KG 1 kg
EUR 60

Glycine

GM2385-250G 250 g
EUR 46.8

Glycine

GM2385-500G 500 g
EUR 51.6

Glycine

GM2385-5KG 5 kg
EUR 112.8

Glycine

GM2385-1 1
EUR 33.9

Glycine

GM2385-100 100
EUR 10.3

Glycine

GM2385-250 250
EUR 12.3

Glycine

GM2385-5 5
EUR 119.1

Glycine

GM2385-500 500
EUR 19.4

SS grid electropolished for size 30

INC8202 EACH
EUR 133.2

SS grid electropolished for HPP750

CHA4054 EACH
EUR 318

SS grid electropolished for sizes 260/400

CHA4052 EACH
EUR 224.4

Glycine, 99%

G0610-100 1Kg
EUR 160.8

Glycine, 99%

G0610-500 5kg
EUR 361.2

Glycine [BSA]

DAG3313 250ug
EUR 858

Glycine (BSA)

20-abx165740
  • EUR 727.20
  • EUR 309.60
  • EUR 2180.40
  • EUR 861.60
  • EUR 526.80
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

Glycine (OVA)

20-abx165741
  • EUR 744.00
  • EUR 326.40
  • EUR 2230.80
  • EUR 878.40
  • EUR 543.60
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

ELISA kit for Rat GLDC (Glycine Dehydrogenase)

ELK7167 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 518.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Glycine Dehydrogenase from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

IOX2(Glycine)

A4189-10 10 mg
EUR 184.8
Description: IOX2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIF-1? prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) with an IC50 of 21 nM for PHD2/ELGN-1 in a cell-free assay, IOX2 has shown >100-fold selectivity over JMJD2A, JMJD2C, JMJD2E, JMJD3, or the 2OG oxygenase FIH [1].

IOX2(Glycine)

A4189-5.1 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO)
EUR 177.6
Description: IOX2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIF-1? prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) with an IC50 of 21 nM for PHD2/ELGN-1 in a cell-free assay, IOX2 has shown >100-fold selectivity over JMJD2A, JMJD2C, JMJD2E, JMJD3, or the 2OG oxygenase FIH [1].

IOX2(Glycine)

A4189-50 50 mg
EUR 547.2
Description: IOX2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIF-1? prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) with an IC50 of 21 nM for PHD2/ELGN-1 in a cell-free assay, IOX2 has shown >100-fold selectivity over JMJD2A, JMJD2C, JMJD2E, JMJD3, or the 2OG oxygenase FIH [1].

IOX2(Glycine)

A4189-S Evaluation Sample
EUR 97.2
Description: IOX2 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIF-1? prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) with an IC50 of 21 nM for PHD2/ELGN-1 in a cell-free assay, IOX2 has shown >100-fold selectivity over JMJD2A, JMJD2C, JMJD2E, JMJD3, or the 2OG oxygenase FIH [1].

250G Glycine

NAT1046 250G
EUR 52.8

Glycine 7% w/v Aqueous Solution for Ozone

GLYC71 1L
EUR 91.39

ELISA kit for Human GLDC (Glycine Dehydrogenase)

E-EL-H5572 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 640.8
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Human GLDC (Glycine Dehydrogenase) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

ELISA kit for Human GLDC (Glycine Dehydrogenase)

ELK4740 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 518.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Glycine Dehydrogenase from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

ELISA kit for Mouse GLDC (Glycine Dehydrogenase)

ELK6991 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 518.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Glycine Dehydrogenase from Mouse in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

PlusOne Glycine 500g

17132301 EACH
EUR 80.4

ELISA kit for Human Glycine N-methyltransferase

EK3139 96 tests
EUR 663.6
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for quantification of Human Glycine N-methyltransferase in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates and other biological fluids.

Glycine Receptor

RA15025 200 ug
EUR 662.4

ELISA kit for Human GLYT1 (Glycine Transporter 1)

ELK4106 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 518.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Glycine Transporter 1 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

Plant Electroporation Buffer for Transfection

GR103051 1 L
EUR 119

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-100G 100 g
EUR 73.2

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-1KG 1 kg
EUR 274.8

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-250G 250 g
EUR 112.8

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-25G 25 g
EUR 54

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-500G 500 g
EUR 170.4

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-1 1
EUR 197.7

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-100 100
EUR 30.9

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-25 25
EUR 16.4

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-250 250
EUR 63.3

Glycine hydrochloride

GE1802-500 500
EUR 110.7

ELISA kit for Rat GLRa2 (Glycine Receptor Alpha 2)

ELK7267 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 518.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Glycine Receptor Alpha 2 from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

ELISA kit for Rat GNMT (Glycine N-methyltransferase)

E-EL-R1105 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 640.8
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for quantitative measurement of Rat GNMT (Glycine N-methyltransferase) in samples from Serum, Plasma, Cell supernatant

Glycine Assay Kit

MET-5070 100 assays
EUR 540

N-Benzyl glycine

20-abx184261
  • EUR 427.20
  • EUR 276.00
  • 100 g
  • 25 g

N-Oleoyl glycine

HY-113204 10mg
EUR 170.4

Glycine (Gly) Antibody

20-abx130518
  • EUR 526.80
  • EUR 159.60
  • EUR 1528.80
  • EUR 727.20
  • EUR 410.40
  • 100 ug
  • 10 ug
  • 1 mg
  • 200 ug
  • 50 ug

ELISA kit for Human GNMT (Glycine-N-Methyltransferase)

ELK4155 1 plate of 96 wells
EUR 518.4
Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Glycine-N-Methyltransferase from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids.

1KG Glycine Ultrapure

NAT1048 1KG
EUR 103.2

Glycine (Gly) CLIA Kit

20-abx490614
  • EUR 10771.20
  • EUR 5734.80
  • EUR 1318.80
  • 10 × 96 tests
  • 5 × 96 tests
  • 96 tests

Glycine buffer solution

GB7317-1 1
EUR 52.8

Glycine buffer solution

GB7317-250 250
EUR 22.7

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-100G 100 g
EUR 48

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-1KG 1 kg
EUR 74.4

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-250G 250 g
EUR 54

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-500G 500 g
EUR 60

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-5KG 5 kg
EUR 170.4

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-1 1
EUR 45.2

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-100 100
EUR 11.8

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-250 250
EUR 16.4

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-5 5
EUR 158.8

Glycine, EP, USP grade

GM2320-500 500
EUR 25.5

Glycine (Gly) ELISA Kit

20-abx258882
  • EUR 9567.60
  • EUR 5095.20
  • EUR 1177.20
  • 10 × 96 tests
  • 5 × 96 tests
  • 96 tests

Glycine Oxidase Antibody

A1116-100 each
EUR 405.6

Glycine Oxidase Antibody

A1116-30T each
EUR 175.2

L-Homopropargyl Glycine

C3406-10 10 mg
EUR 134.4
Description: L-homopropargylglycine (Hpg), an alkyne-tagged analog of methionine, has been used to selectively tag newly synthesized mammalian proteins in a method similar to conventional pulse-chase labeling, and labeled proteins were visualized via fluorescence.

L-Homopropargyl Glycine

C3406-100 100 mg
EUR 560.4
Description: L-homopropargylglycine (Hpg), an alkyne-tagged analog of methionine, has been used to selectively tag newly synthesized mammalian proteins in a method similar to conventional pulse-chase labeling, and labeled proteins were visualized via fluorescence.

L-Homopropargyl Glycine

C3406-50 50 mg
EUR 351.6
Description: L-homopropargylglycine (Hpg), an alkyne-tagged analog of methionine, has been used to selectively tag newly synthesized mammalian proteins in a method similar to conventional pulse-chase labeling, and labeled proteins were visualized via fluorescence.

Glycine receptor Antibody

R33275-100UG 100 ug
EUR 339.15
Description: Additional name(s) for this target protein: Glycine receptor alpha 1; Glra1

Glycine-HCI, 1XpH 3.0

UGB3100 500ml
EUR 78.79

N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine

GM3149-100G 100 g
EUR 237.6

N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine

GM3149-25G 25 g
EUR 112.8

Firstly, we describe strategies concerned within the preparation and lysis of the human hepatoma cells and liver tumor tissue samples. Then, an intensive rationalization of the preparation of SUBEs and controls is detailed together with the protocol for the protein pull-down assays. Lastly, some examples are supplied relating to the choices accessible for the identification and characterization of the SUMOylated proteome, particularly the usage of westernblot evaluation for the detection of a particular SUMOylated substrate from liver tumors or the usage of proteomics by mass spectrometry for high-throughput characterization of the SUMOylated proteome and interactome in hepatoma cells.

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